Piaroa Nation until the 20th Century
The Huottuja have lived with the Spanish influence since 1758 with the establishment of the San Fernando de Atabapo by Doctor José Solano. The influences that followed were explorers, military forces, missionaries, naturalists, scientists, researchers and land speculators which began when San Fernando de Atabapo became the capital of the Amazonas territory in Venezuela.
Today this area has been reduced to half, from almost 41,000 square kilometers 100 years ago, to about 21,000, based on the constant encroachment and unsustainable development objectives of the national government since 1924.
This map reflects the original territory occupied by the Huottuja from prehistory until the 20th Century according to researchers Freire and Zent. (See Fig. 1)
Known as Uwottuja, Huottöja, Wothuha, is most properly written Huottųją (Piaroa) or Huottüja (American English), are also known as the De'aruhua or De'aruwa, or with the universal phonetic alphabet Wötʰïhä or De'atʰïhä; are the "People and Guardians of the Forest." There are many different ethnonyms that are both exonyms and autonyms, or endonyms for our people.
The Piaroa international autonomous and sovereign territory is located mostly within Venezuela and overreaches to Colombia since the 1940's. The Huottuja are not native to Colombia, however since the Colombian state was reconstituted in 1991 our tribe holds legal civil jurisdiction there under law, members of our tribe cross from Venezuela to Colombia without passports. The territory has direct access to the sea by way of the source waters of the Orinoco River, the Piaroa nation understands international maritime and admiralty jurisdiction. Our official language is our own most often referred to as Piaroa, Piaroan, or called Guagua, Quaqua, Adole, Ature, Wo'tiheh. Our legal recognition exists with the Colombian and Venezuela governments through their courts in Castilian Spanish, the Indigenous laws of Venezuela (2004) respect our sovereignty and right to self-determination. Our official language for international non-state relations including business, commerce and tourism is English; our activities, negotiations and relations with our host countries are independent activities in the international theater. See our region on Google Maps.